A 3-year-old boy exposed to the Nagasaki atomic bomb developed A-bomb sickness about a month later and was admitted to Ward 8 of the Omura Naval Hospital on September 7, 1945. On admission, his breathing sounds were coarse and his abdomen was distended. Blisters remained on both hands and feet.

     A 3-year-old boy exposed to the Nagasaki atomic bomb that exploded on August 9, 1945, developed A-bomb sickness about a month later and was admitted to Ward 8 of the Omura Naval Hospital on September 7. When he was admitted, his breathing sounded coarse and his abdomen was distended. Blisters remained on both hands and feet. After the blisters had healed, their crusts adhered to many of them. The scalp of the boy's head was alopecia and scarring formed after the blisters healed. The boy's admission record did not contain any injury or illness related to A-bomb disease, and his progress after admission was also unclear.

　The incubation period before the appearance of A-bomb sickness tended to correlate with the distance of the survivors from the hypocenter. Within about 750 m from the hypocenter, symptoms appeared from the day of the explosion. For those exposed at about 1 km from the hypocenter, A-bomb sickness appeared about 4 days later. For survivors exposed between about 1 km and 1.5 km from the hypocenter, A-bomb sickness appeared on about the 10th day. Those survivors who had no external injuries and no abnormalities immediately after the bombings subsequently developed fatigue, loss of appetite, and fever of up to 40°C. At the same time, many survivors developed neck and neck pain and fever of up to 40°C. At the same time, swollen and painful cervical lymph nodes, sore throat, and hoarseness appeared in many A-bomb survivors. Over the next few days, watery, mucousy, and bloody diarrhea appeared, followed by hematuria. The epilation started as a needle-head sized area in the beginning, and petechial hemorrhages eventually spread over the entire body, and at the same time bleeding from the mouth and gums and epistaxis began.

　Strange herpes-like rashes were observed around the mouths of many survivors. As death approached, it became gangrenous and was accompanied by a pronounced odor. There was no abnormality in cardiac function except for a drop in blood pressure in the final stages. Many survivors developed terminal pneumonia. Many A-bomb survivors complained of stomach pain, but there was no vomiting, although roundworms were observed. Central nervous system disorders, such as visual impairment, appeared in the terminal stages of the disease. The survivors were unable to recognize the number of fingers from approximately 30 cm away. The survivor who did not suffer from CNS disorder did not show any abnormality in his mental condition even in the final stage of the disease, when marked anemia and high fever appeared. Even though the trauma wounds showed a tendency to heal, the granulation eventually became gangrenous and swollen. The injection site became infected and necrosis occurred. (Omura Naval Hospital, Masao Shiotsuki, The Effect of theExplosion of the Atomic Bomb on the Human Body: Reported on September 10, 1945.)

 

A 44-year-old woman was exposed to the Nagasaki atomic bomb dropped and exploded by the U.S. military on August 9, 1945, and was injured in the head by a tree branch. On the same day, August 9, she was transported to the Omura Naval Hospital, located approximately 17 km northeast of Nagasaki City, where she was admitted.

   A 44-year-old woman in Nagasaki City was exposed to the Nagasaki atomic bomb dropped and exploded by the U.S. military on August 9, 1945, and was injured in the head by a tree branch. On the same day, August 9, she was transported to the Omura Naval Hospital, about 17 km northeast of Nagasaki City, where she was admitted. She had Y-shaped contusion wounds over her head and face. The wound was stained and moderately hemorrhaged. Her medical record only mentions that she was treated with Livanol gauze, a bactericidal disinfectant.

  Bayer, a German pharmaceutical manufacturer, commercialized Acrinol, a topical antiseptic, and began marketing it under the trade name Livanol in 1921. Acrinol was a yellow dye that exhibited bactericidal disinfectant action against some common bacterial species, such as streptococcus, staphylococcus aureus, and other pyogenic bacteria. It was used to disinfect mucous membranes and localized areas of suppuration. Sales were discontinued after 2018 because leukocytes and macrophages, which have a protective function against infection, are impaired by Acrinol.

　The Omura Naval Hospital was located in Omura City, Nagasaki Prefecture, approximately 19 km northeast of Nagasaki City in a straight line across Omura Bay. The Omura Naval Hospital was originally a hospital for military personnel. There were many patients with burns, but there was also a shortage of medicine. The only treatment was to dilute a cresol solution, soak it in gauze, and apply it to the skin in place of rivanol gauze for replacement. At the Omura Naval Hospital, patients were brought in one after another from about nine hours after the Nagasaki atomic bomb was dropped. On the first day alone, August 9, 758 people were transported, many of them seriously ill; by dawn on August 10, more than 100 of the inmates had died. 300 more were admitted on August 10, bringing the final total to 1,700.

    The Omura Naval Hospital received a telephone call from the police at around 3:00 p.m. on August 9 informing them that a large number of casualties had occurred in Nagasaki City and that the city was under fire. A rescue team headed by Lieutenant Jinnai, a military doctor, and consisting of medics and nurses from the Japanese Red Cross, was dispatched. Around 5:00 p.m., Mayor Yamaguchi of Omura City called to inform us that the number of casualties in Nagasaki was countless, and that they were being taken to hospitals along the railroad. The injured were transported from Urakami to Omura Station by a separate train, and from Omura Station all fire engines were mobilized to transport the injured to the hospitals. The injured arrived from Nagasaki at 8:00 p.m. Military transport vehicles and trucks arrived at the Omura Naval Hospital packed with folded and stacked severely injured A-bomb survivors. 

The next group of investigators to visit Nagasaki from the U.S. was a party of the Naval Medical Technology Investigation Group called the “Navtac Jap Team.” That team, based at Ōmura, was engaged in investigations in Nagasaki for three months from late September to late November.

アメリカ軍による原子爆弾の影響調査は、日本側の調査とほぼ並行して、アメリカ軍側でも9月中旬から11月下旬まで実施された。日本側が設置した原爆被害調査特別委員会と同様に複数の専門家グループが派遣され、各分野で詳細な調査が行われた。アメリカ軍医が、長崎原子爆弾に被爆して原爆病に罹患して病院に救護されて入院した患者となった被爆者の身体を病室で診察した。

　最初に長崎にアメリカ軍のマンハッタン工兵地区特別調査団(the Special Manhattan Engineer District Investigation Group)が到着した。トーマス・ファレル准将を団長とし、医療チーム、技術チームを含む約30人の科学者から構成された。1945年9月中旬から10月上旬にかけて長崎で情報収集を行った。第1班の主な任務は、原子爆弾の影響に関する予備調査を行った。長崎を占領しているアメリカ軍の安全のために残留放射能のレベルを測定した。

　次にアメリカ軍から長崎を訪れた調査団は、「ナブタック・ジャップ・チーム(Navtac Jap Team)」と呼ばれる海軍医療技術調査グループの一団であった。大村海軍病院を拠点とするこのチームは、9月下旬から11月下旬までの3カ月間、長崎原子爆弾の調査に従事した。軍医のスタッフォード・L・ウォーレン大佐が率いる調査チームは、原子爆弾の生理学的影響の調査を行った。調査チームに属する1つのグループは、長崎でもっぱら放射能測定に従事した。別の陸軍医療班は9月30日に長崎入りし、原子爆弾の医学的影響について調査した。アシュリー・オーガソン大佐は、陸軍医療班の計画責任者であった。イギリス軍も、1945年11月、原爆調査団を派遣した。広島、長崎の原爆の影響を調査し、1946年に報告書を発表した。

　日本側の原子爆弾の影響調査は、1945年9月14日に日本の文部省が設置して、10月24日に初会合した日本学術会議の原爆被害調査特別委員会(Special Committee for Investigation of Atomic Bomb Damages)の調査が実施された。実際の作業は9月末から10月にかけて各分野で開始され、1948年3月までの3年間続けられた。しかし、本質的な研究のほとんどは1946年3月までに完了したようである。原爆の爆心地や輻射熱、残留放射線のレベルなどの調査もこの期間に終了した。影響調査の研究成果は、1951年8月に日本学術振興会から「総括報告書」として、1953年5月には日本学術会議から「原爆傷害調査報告書」全2巻（1,642ページ）として刊行された。進駐軍GHQは、原子爆弾の調査研究、成果の公表に、1945年12月11日に原爆災害調査特別研究委員会に通告して、さまざまな検閲と制限を加えた。

長崎原子爆弾の爆心地から南南東約3.0kmに位置した新興善特設救護病院の屋外で炊事が行われた。被爆者の家族が、救護所となった新興善国民学校（現・長崎市立図書館）校庭の一隅において炊飯していた。左奥の建物は相撲場であり、右は屋内体操場兼講堂である。

　新興善国民学校は、長崎原子爆弾の爆風によって窓ガラスは割れた。新興善国民学校の校舎自体は残存した。被爆した負傷者の救護所として使用された。新興善国民学校は、類焼から免れて、鉄筋コンクリートで堅固だったために、長崎原子爆弾の炸裂した直後から救護所として活用された。教室は診察室や入院患者の病室、被爆者の生活の場として使用された。爆心地付近では救護所が害滅して、多くの被爆者が新興善国民学校に殺到した8月9日に被爆日直後の患者数は不明である。治療した被爆患者数は、8月17日～8月31日の約15日間だけでも、入院と外来の患者数は約8,000人を超えた。9月1日時点の入院患者数は、約260人に及んだ。

　1945年8月9日に投下されて炸裂した長崎原子爆弾による火災を免れた新興善国民学校は新興善国民学校救護所となった。8月11日には針尾海兵団より救護隊が到着した。その後、佐世保海軍病院武雄分院の医療隊も到着した。県庁方面からの火災によって、救護活動は一時中断した。壊滅状態にあった長崎医科大学附属医院にかわり、親興善国民学校が長崎市内で最大の救護所となった。8月16日には新興善特設救護病院となった。さらに10月6日には長崎医科大学附属医院となって、引き続き長崎原子爆弾の被爆者の治療が行われた。